(Geology) Tsunami Threat in California Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

(Geology) Tsunami Threat in California - Essay Example In the history of Tsunami, the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami was one of the deadliest disasters that killed over 230,000 people in 14 countries near the Indian Ocean. Although researchers have identified the causes and other characteristics of this natural disaster, many facts about Tsunami still remain undiscovered. This paper will discuss the â€Å"Tsunami threat in California† in detail. Geological surveys have identified that most of the faults in the United States, specifically in California, are strike slip faults. In addition, the presence of dip slip faults also has been discovered in California (State of California, 1992). In geology, a fault indicates a discontinuity in a large volume of rock and this discontinuity or planar fracture often causes notable displacements during the times of an earth movement. Strike slip faults can be simply defined as a motion which is parallel to the strike of the fault and sometimes it is referred to as side by side motion. Strike slip faults characterized with left lateral motion are called sinistral faults while those resemble a right lateral motion fall under the category of dextral faults. In contrast, dip slip faults represent fractures where the blocks are shifted almost vertically. In the case of dip slip faults, a downward motion is termed as normal and an upward motion is known as reverse. A fault that includes the components of both strike slip and dip slip is commonly referred to as an oblique slip fault. It has been identified that both the strike slip faults and dip slip faults may lead to earthquakes and thereby tsunamis. Earthquakes associated with strike slip faults and reverse slip faults can have the potential to cause powerful tsunamis because most of such earthquakes generally hit with a magnitude of 8 or more and it has been observed that energy released during an earthquake is proportional to the

Child perpetrator of violence Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Child perpetrator of violence - Case Study Example This is a case that happened to twenty six year old Corey Deen Saunders who experienced chaotic childhood and currently serves a life sentence in prison for perpetuation sexual abuse to a six year old boy. Corey Deen Saunders and family history Corey Deen Saunders is a 26 year old man serving a life sentence in prison after abusing a six year old boy in a library. He is mildly retarded and suffers from attention deficit disorder. He had serious psychological problems and turned from a victim to a predator that sexually preyed on young boys. Saunders really liked younger boys, especially those between six and twelve years and always gave excuses to be around and hang out with them. As he grew up, his behavior became conspicuously sexual and all his remarks on boys were sexual in nature. Saunders also sexually fantasized a lot about younger boys living in his neighborhood. He admitted to having more than four hundred sexual fantasies that involved younger children in school. At one poi nt, he contemplated raping and murdering a specific ten year old boy in school. In April 1999, Saunders tried to aggressively win over a twelve year old boy to have sex with him. As Corey Deen Saunders grew, he became sexually compulsive towards younger boys. Saunders’ compulsive sexual behavior eventually landed him in prison following unsuccessful rehabilitation. His real problems began when he sexually abused two children below his age. This is because he had serious psychological problems. Saunders overtly sexual behavior was not corrected at Stetson school and he continued making sexual advances to younger boys. He stole boys under wears and hoarded them. In September 1999, Stetson school found it extremely difficult to contain Saunders and it was decided that Saunders was becoming hazardous to younger children and was transferred to North Carolina’s treatment facility. However, Saunders was transferred to Top East Emergency Shelter in Taunton instead. Saunders es caped from the facility on December 30, 1999 and was found by police some hours later walking barefoot in the streets of Taunton. After escaping from Top East Emergency Shelter he was never readmitted and the Department of Social Services instructed the police to take Saunders to a foster home in Attleboro. Neither police nor the Department of Social Services informed the woman at foster home that he young man had serious psychological problems. As a result, the woman manager did not take extra measures to protect other children from his sexually compulsive behavior. Consequently, Saunders sexually assaulted a seven year old son of the foster woman a few feet away from his mother in the foster’s home living room. As a result, Saunders was charged of battery and indecent assault of a child below fourteen years, abuse and attempted rape of a child less than sixteen years. Following the above incident in 2001, Saunders pleaded guilty and was sentenced to four years and one day i n prison, with additional twelve years probation. After serving his term in prison, Saunders was eventually released. However, Saunders sexually assaulted a six year old boy in New Bedford Public Library, and he was charged again with battery and indecent assault on a child below fourteen years, enticing and raping a child below sixteen years. Following his second abuse, he was sentenced for life to keep him away from harming children.

What are the differences between Price and non price competition

What are the differences between Price and non price competition To increase the profits or revenue of any firm we choose price competition or non price competition. price competition is a competitive situation in which price is major means of differentiating the products A product or service can be competing in the market by many ways. In price competition ,two products which are similar compared by the customer on their respective pricing, the customer mainly purchase the product on the basis of which is cheaper, they are other ways of competition but price comparison will effect. Price competition is one of the marketing strategy which used by firms to increase profits and revenue of the firms. To compete efficiently firm must be match the price or it need to be beat the price. Firm must be lowest cost producer and it need to change price frequently ,in price competition even your competitor respond to your price your firm need to respond as quickly as possible when the competitor change the price . Customer will switch to brand which is low priced brand Non price competition: Non price competition is a competition among different firms that they distinguish their products example: product features, style, delivery, promotions, advertising, selling staff etc.non pricing competition is mainly used by firms to distinguish their products, any firm can use non-price competition it is common for monopolistically competitive firms because firms which operates in monopolistically competitive market are price takers. Non price competition is a marketing strategy to increase profits and firm revenue. Every firm try to distinguish their products by its quality or promotions or product features any other sustainable competitive advantage other than price, Can build customer loyalty towards the brand. The firm must promote the distinguishing features to create customer awareness. MONOPOLISTIC MARKET The market structure of monopolistic competition is situated between those of perfect competition and monopoly 1)in monopolistic competition profits can be maximized when marginal revenue equals to marginal cost MR=MC. 2)there are many buyers and many sellers 3)the products being sold are differentiated or heterogeneous in character 4)there is free entry or exit of firms 5)the goal of the firm is to maximize the profits both in short run and long run short run comes under price competition and long run comes under non-price competition 6) product differentiation is high 7)completion on quality, price, marketing OLIGOPOLISTIC MARKET Oligopoly market is an imperfectly competitive market structure in which few large firms dominates the market .oligopolistic market is non price competition because product different ion exists in it, firms have reason to compete on the basis of other factors besides the price Characteristics of oligopoly market 1)few sellers 2)either a homogeneous or a differentiated product 3)different market entry 4)oligopolistic competition are price maker 5)in this few large firms one firm action influence others the four market perfect competition,monopoly,monopolistic competition, oligopoly in which firms in perfect competition are price-taker ,whereas firms in other three markets are price makers ELASTICITY The elasticity of demand is the measure of response of demand for a product to change in any of its determinants example price of the product, price of substitutes, price of complements, consumers income and consumers expectations regarding prices. If the price of the compulsory goods can be increased and the consumer can choose the complementary goods then it is called elastic and the consumer cannot choose the complementary goods ,they are compulsory goods then it called inelastic There are different types of elasticity of demand 1)price elasticity 2)cross elasticity 3)income elasticity Price elasticity of demand: the price elasticity of demand is demand for the product or firm to change in its price ,elasticity of demand is the percentage change in the quantity demand of a firm or product as a result of certain percentage change in its price Ep=percentage change in quantity of demand /percentage change in firm= %à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Q/%à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  p Price Elasticity if it is more than 1 Elastic Demand when price changes quantity of demand for product is also increased When if it is less than 1 Inelastic Demand when price decreases quantity of demand for the product is little increased when compared to previous revenue Unitary Elastic when price decreases quantity of demand for the products is equal as previous revenue. Price elasticity for individual goods If the goods are luxuries elasticity will be higher, when substitutes are available consumer have choice and time to choose. When ED>1 point is above mid-point, demand is elastic. When ED=1 point is at Midpoint, demand is unit-elastic When ED When elasticity of demand is price inelastic, whenever price decrease reduces total revenue. When elasticity of demand is price elastic, whenever price decrease increases total revenue. In unit elastic demand, whenever price decrease there is no change in the total revenue Arc and point elasticity : when price elasticity of demand is measured between any two finite points on a demand curve it is called arc elasticity and elasticity measured at a point on the demand curve is called point elasticity Cross Elasticity of demand: cross elasticity defines A change in the quantity of demanded for one product is created by a price change in a related product i.e substitute good and complimentary good represents cross elasticity of demand. If two goods are substitutes for each other cross elasticity is high and if the two goods are totally different and unrelated , cross elasticity between them is zero. When cross elasticity is positive between two goods then they are called substitutes .when cross elasticity is negative between two goods they are not complementary as this is found price change is very strong when income effects. Income Elasticity of Demand: A small change in consumer income will lead to change in quantity of demand for the product. As consumer income increases and income spend on the product is same as before elasticity for the product is one. If the proportion spent on the product increases as income increases then the income elasticity for the product is greater then one If the proportion spent on the product decreases as income increases then income elasticity for the product is less than one Factors affecting elasticity demand 1) The fraction of income spend on the good 2) How narrowly defined the good is 3) How easy is to find out about substitutes 4) How much is available to adjust to price changes 5) nature of commodity 6)differed consumption 7) time factor 8) price level 9) joint demand SHAMPOO USAGE I visited a local super market and focused on shampoos section where I found wide range of shampoos of different brands. There are few companies which produce many varieties of shampoos and conditioners which will be available at any store at a reasonable rate. In my paper I specified on the following company brands which are listed below 1) Hindustan unilever limited > Dove > Clear > Clinic plus > Sunsilk 2) Procter and gamble > Head shoulder > Pantene > Rejoice 3) Cavinkare > Meera >chick >nyle 4) loreal >Garnier fructis 5) ITC >  vivel ultra pro HINDUSTAN UNILEVER LIMITED Hindustan unilever limited which was established in 1933, the first shampoo which they launched was clinic plus which had a great demand compared to the other company products at that time (19s). The main reason was they were successful in satisfying the customer, which made there brands so popular. CLINIC PLUS Clinic plus launched 3 different varieties of shampoos 1) Clinic plus strong and long health shampoo 2) Clinic plus strong and natural shampoo 3) Clinic plus long and strong anti dandruff Another shampoo brand from Hindustan unilever limited is Sunsilk, a global brand which was launched in 1964. SUNSILK Sunsilk was launched in 6 different varieties Sunsilk Thick long shampoo conditioner Sunsilk soft and smooth shampoo conditioner Sunsilk hairfall solution shampoo conditioner. Sunsilk damage repair shampoo conditioner Blackshine shampoo. Anti-dandruff shampoo. ALL CLEAR Clinic all clear is another brand from Hindustan unilever limited, it is the first brand which targeted men specially. Formulated anti dandruff shampoo it was launched in 1980 in india and 14 other countries world wide later it was renamed as CLEAR. Clear is available in 5 varients Active Care Ice Cool. Hair fall Defense Soft Gloss. Radiant Black DOVE Dove is the leading brand from Hindustan unilever limited globally dove was launched over 80 countries world wide and it is also called fastest growing hair category brand in India , dove attracts wide range of female customers Dove has a wide range of hair care products that repair accumulated damage and protect and care for the hair .The new Zero Damage System repairs and protects hair from damage. There are variety of shampoo from dove and conditioner Dry therapy Breakage therapy From the HUL company there is a cheaper product like clinic plus and sunsilk which helps rural people and costly product like dove for urban people.From both urban rural areas HUL is covering both urban and rural areas To increase the sales HUL released shampoos in various sizes for various brands For clinic plus, sunsilk the prices are similar 7.5 ml sachet-3 rs 100 bottle 67 rs 200 ml bottle- 120rs For dove the prizes of respective samples is 7.5ml sachet 3 rs 100ml bottle 130 rs 200 ml bottle 215 rs In the local store 35% of the place is occupied by hul products HUL occupies market share over 50% PROCTER AND GAMBLE Procter and gamble launched head shoulder and it is worlds no one anti dandruff shampoo, which reduces not only dandruff but also eliminates p.o value. HEAD SHOULDERS Head Shoulders released 6 different varieties of products: Head Shoulders Smooth Silky. Head Shoulders Refreshing Menthol Head Shoulders Clean and Balanced Head Shoulders Silky Black Head Shoulders Naturally Clean Head Shoulders Nourishing Aloe Vera PANTENE Pantene is the product of Procter and gamble, which was launched keeping women as there prime focus. Pantene is the shampoo that conducts survey on ladies hair loss. Rejoice is the another brand from Procter and gamble who launched Asias No. 1 shampoo Micro-Silicone conditioning technology gives twice as smooth, and easy to comb hair versus ordinary shampoos.as it use natural ingredients like henna, amla, reetha and shikakai. PG released its products in 3 different varities : Rich: Silky Clean Complete Products from the Procter and gamble is highly costly product which covers only urban areas In the rural areas only 7.5 ml sachets will be sold out 40 % of company profits is from sachets only Prices of pg is as follows 7.5 ml sachet-3 rs 100ml bottle-110rs 200 ml bottle -210rs In local stores place occupied by the PG is 25% PG occupies market share over 16 % CAVINKARE Cavincake was established in 1983 it launches 3 different varieties of shampoos Meera it is pure herbal shampoo with badam enriches and many herbals Chick is the first shampoo launched by the cavinkare at the time of clinic plus it is compitetor for clinicplus chick is one of the most used bu rural peoples Nyle- nyle shampoo is newly launched by cavincare it is in 4 different varients Amla, Tulsi, Aloevera and Green tea Calvinkare products release their products in following szes 7.5ml sachet-3 rs 50ml bottle- 35 rs 100 ml bottle -60rs 200ml bottle 110 rs In local stores place occupied by the PG is 15% Calvinkare occupied market share over 19% LOREAL Garnier was launched in 1991 Garnier was launched with ultra Duox range of shampoos in the year 1991. Garnier is not an Indian brand but it has crafted a special place in todays Indian market. Garniner has reached peaks because of its innovations and by launching new products which attracts the consumers. Presently garnier has targeted the middle and upper class by reducing its price and launching huge range of there collection. It has two sub brands they are >Garnier fructis and >Garnier ultra soux Garnier fructis was launched with different varieties like Garnier fructis daily care shampoo Garnier fructis triple nutrition fortifying shampoo Garnier fructis anti-dandruff shampoo Garnier fructis sleek shine shampoo. The credit of launching a color shield shampoo and Shampoo + Oil 2 in 1 shampoo goes to Garnier. It is the first company to launch a shampoo which contains essence of oil and shampoo together in a same pack. Coming to the garnier shield shampoo it was launched in order to nourish and strengthen the colored hair. Garnier could sustain its level in Indian market by introducing variety of products into the market and by there advertising style. Its innovative ideas and new releases are making its products popular. On a survey it was noted that the number of consumers using Garnier has drastically increased as they make there products from natural fruit oils which are harmless. Garnier has reached to the core of the market as it is able to satisfy its consumers and meet there requirements. Garnier products released their products in th following sizes 7.5ml sachet-3 rs 100 ml bottle -115 200 ml bottle- 220 In local super market space allocation for the loreal products are 15 % Loreal products occupy market share over 10 % ITC Itc launches vivel ultra pro in 2009 with 3 years extensive research it as unique actipro -z omplex which will solve dandruff problems VIVEL ULTRA PRO Vivel ultra pro products released their products in th following sizes 7.5ml sachet-3 rs 100 ml bottle -90 200 ml bottle- 160 In local super market space allocated for the product is 5% It occupies market share over 5% CONCLUSION From the above shampoos I conclude most of the shampoos sachets is sold instead of bottles due to price many of the shampoos companies get 40 % profit from sachets only HUL is occupied 1st place in shampoos market it has low price products to attract rural areas and high price products to be sold in urban areas it occupies 50% of market share. And then calvinkare because it is mainly used by rural areas due to price comparision , calvinkare products are relatively low when compare to any of the other it occupies 19% this are the only 2 leading companies in shampoos market

Spiers Travel Agency Essay -- Organizational Structure

Abstract An organization functions from the mission statement and the organizational structure. These functions helps to make a company move smoother within departments, which is assigned to individuals that are responsible for overseeing that part of the organization. The organization is responsible with living out the purpose of their mission statement. The organizational structure reflects from the operative goals to help the organization function accordingly. Operative goals according to Daft, â€Å"are performance goals, resource goals, marketing goals, employee development goals, productivity goals, and goals for innovation and change† (p. 63-4), in which the Spier’s Travel Agency follows by in operating the company. The Organizational Structure: An Understanding of the Complexities of the Environment within an Organization The mission of Spier’s Travel Agency is designed to have an outstanding quality of professionalism and the utmost customer service. Also, to provide the magical experience of traveling of the desired customers. We are dedicated in helping our customers to have the best experience at their dream location at a low-cost. At Spier’s Travel Agency, we are confident that we can provide outstanding customer service to all costumers at all levels. The Spier’s Travel Agency reflects on five important task within the company. Those task are as follow, outstanding customer service, great relationships with our clients and employees, the quality of time management to provide the clients with their dreamed vacations, to provide low-cost rates, and overall happiness and satisfaction. All these goals are acted upon to provide the needed services and to accomplish the facts that are stated within the company’s mi... ...ws. With this company there is a great need to have a form set structure in order to continue with a success growth progress. The models of the organizational charts that were examined shows that there is room for growth as the company lives up to the goal, purpose, and mission of the agency. Spier’s Travel Agency has its structures where there should be little to no room for mistake, but there is no structure where mistakes would not happen within the company. Reference: Daft, R. L. (2008). Organization and Organization Theory. Organization theory and design 10(16). Mason,OH : Joe Sabatino. Daft, R. L. (2008). Organization and Organization Theory. Strategy, organization design, and effectiveness 10(62-4). Mason,OH : Joe Sabatino. Daft, R. L. (2008). Organization and Organization Theory. Fundamentals of organization structure 10(91).

Positioning and Differentiation Strategies

Differentiation is the act of designing a set of meaningful differences to distinguish the company's offering from competitor's offerings (Rao, 2010). With Voice to Text/Text to Voice, Toyota designed itself above the rest. After researching the needs of its consumer, Toyota focused its plans on the safety and needs of today’s driver. With the human need to stay connected to our loved ones, friends, and business contacts at the touch of a button, Toyota turned it ways to providing this service to drivers in a safe manner. Taking the Bluetooth technology to another level, Toyota set itself up with its differentiation strategy to move with the consumer and appeal to the heart and mind when it comes to safety. By differentiating the marketing mix to do a better job meeting customers’ needs, Toyota builds a competitive advantage (Perreault, Cannon, & McCarthy, 2009). With this type of differentiating, the buyer will see that Toyota is trying to appeal to what the buyer really needs and wants. Other auto makers have not yet offered this technology, making the appeal appreciated by the buyer. This is a product that is important to their lives and the lives of their loved ones. Positioning refers to how customers think about proposed or present brands in a market (Perreault, Cannon, & McCarthy, 2009). By promoting the legal and safety level of the Voice to Text/Text to Voice, Toyota can ensure the customer will think positively about its product and service. With the focus of advertising in states that have banned texting while driving, Toyota can position itself as a front runner for safety to the customer. With the threat of citations, tickets, and possible jail, the customer will be looking for a quick fix. Toyota can position itself as the cure to the problem. At this point, Toyota is the only maker who offers this service, which puts them on the leader board and sets the stage for its followers and the positioning needed.

Gaspar Aquino de Belén Essay

Gaspar Aquino de Belen is a Filipina poet and translator of the 17th century, author in particular of Pasyon, a famous poetic of passion, died narration and resurrection of Christ. Filipino natives, generally were not taught Spanish, but the bilingual individuals, notably poet-translator Gaspar Aquino de Belen, produced devotional poetry written in the Roman script in the Tagalog language. Pasyon, begun by Aquino de Belen, is a narrative of the passion, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, which has circulated in many versions. Gaspar Aquino de Belen was a Filipino poet and translator of the 17th century, known for authoring a 1704 rendition of the Pasyon: a famous poetic narrative of the passion, death and resurrection of Jesus, which has circulated in many versions. Generally Filipino natives were not taught Spanish, but the bilingual individuals, notably poet-translator Aquino de Belen, produced devotional poetry written in Latin script in the Tagalog language. Gaspar Aquino de Belen is a Filipino writer, poet and translator during the 17th century. Aquino de Belen was known for his work Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Christong Panginoon Natin na Tola, which was published in Manila by the Imprenta de la Compania por Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay in 1760. Filipino natives generally were not taught Spanish, but bilingual individuals called ladino, notably poet-translator Gaspar Aquino de Belen, produced devotional poetry written in the Tagalog language using Roman script. Pasyon, began by Aquino de Belen, is a narrative of the passion, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.

racial violence Essay

racial violence Essay racial violence Essay Anna Crowley Mr. Lowery -5 February 8, 2011 Racial Violence Racial violence in Rwanda happened because of Genocide; the deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, political or cultural group. The Hutu thought they were better than the Tutsi. The Tutsi were darker skin and had bigger noses. You could not tell the difference between them without looking at their identification card. They only judged them on one factor in there life. The Hutu had lighter skin and smaller noses. Hutus believed they were better than everyone else and thought that if someone was not like them they should be killed. It was a mass killing by the Hutus. The Hutus were about 90% of the population. During this time, the Tutsi were forced to hide in order to keep themselves alive or pay the Hutus. If you were a Hutu and helped out a Tutsi you were most likely to also be killed. They had reporters come out and film the violence happening but, yet people still did not help. â€Å"Yeah, and if no one intervenes, is it still a good thing to show?â₠¬  one of the reporters said. People were not really worried about what was happening in Rwanda. The Hutu did not really think they were doing anything that bad. They just thought they were making a better place for everyone. The Hutu believed no one like the Tutsis. The Hutus wanted revenge on the Tutsi because they believed the Tutsi killed the Hutu President. The United Nations, tried to protect the Tutsi but, they could not shoot or anything without the Hutus shooting at them. There was not much they could do to help them out to much. â€Å"We're here as peace keepers, not peace makers† one of the United Nation soldiers said. Neither could do much and they knew that they were both in danger. During the movie Hotel Rwanda, Paul Rusesabagina (Hutu) was married to a Tutsi and his main goal was to protect her and their children. In the middle of all of the fighting, Rusesabagina was in charge of a hotel. He needed to care for the safety of the guests also. He tried to keep everything under control and safe for the guests. He told the Hutu army that everyone in his hotel was a Hutu so they would help them. The Hutus would kill the men and save some of the women to be sex slaves. If the women would refuse they would be killed by the militia groups. The Hutus would burn their houses after they would kill them. No one knew what was going to happen next, you could be perfectly fine one day and have your house searched by the militia. People were always on guard with each other but still seemed to be civil at the hotel. Everything does not always come easy and people do not always help when you are in pain. The Tutsi stuck it out and were able to go somewhere safe. They did not solve their problems in the end but some people were saved. The movie Invictus was a lot different than Hotel Rwanda. Newly elected President Nelson Mandela decided to support his South Africa rugby team, thinking he could bring his country together by the universal language of sport. He recently made the commitment to help them out. He used to cheer for every other team, except for his own. Nelson Mandela just got out of jail after twenty six years as a political prisoner. His speech he gave after he had become President was to unite South Africa. The divide has mostly separated the Afrikaners (white South Africans that came from Europe during the 17th century) and the black natives. The Afrikaners believe it would be a bad thing and the country will be going down the drain. Nelson’s main goal is to have his country set aside their differences and become one and strong. There is only one black native on the rugby team and all the kids are rooting for him. Nelson sends the team to go out into the poorer areas of South Africa and teach rugby to the natives. At first, Chester the team's only black player is swarmed by all the kids but, soon the entire team is out

Macbeth Symbolism Essays - Characters In Macbeth, Free Essays

Macbeth Symbolism Essays - Characters In Macbeth, Free Essays Macbeth Symbolism In our society, darkness tends to be the primary characteristic of evil. A black cat, a dark and stormy night, and a dark alley, for instance, are all modern day symbols of wickedness and evil. Authors many times will use these and other symbols to describe an evil character or setting. William Shakespeare employs the imagery of darkness throughout his play of Macbeth. He uses dark images often to describe instruments of disorder and the evils which characters act upon. In Macbeth, Shakespeare's use of the night's dark hour's give a sense of evil to the play. The words, actions, and descriptions of people such as the witches, Macbeth shows this, and even of other characters who are thought to be against all evil. Evil is present throughout the play, at a time when there is no light, and Scotland is covered by a shadow of darkness. In Macbeth, the witches are a prime source of darkness. First of all, the place and time of the witch's meetings all take on the feeling of darkness. The only times of their meetings are in the middle of the night, and often in terrible conditions of thunder and lightning. The witches meet in a dark cave. The cave is an appropriate setting for the witches because caves are murky and gloomy, and tend to represent the ideas of the underworld and hell. From the conditions and the location that the witches meet, a feeling of evil is already created. The appearance of the witches also adds to the feeling of darkness and evil. The witches are described as being, secret, black, and midnight hags! by Macbeth himself (Act IV, i, 47). The image today of a witch is an old, ugly woman who dresses all in black, and has a wart on her nose, and rides around on a broomstick. The picture hasn't changed much, except for the fact she now rides around on a broom. Witches still practice their magic, cast ing spells and hexes, looking into the future, and creating mystical potions, all things that manifest wickedness. Banquo even refers to the witches as instruments of darkness (Act I, iii, 125) after their first prophecy comes true. The witch's dark meeting place and dark appearance all emphasize their evil nature and the feeling of evil in the play. Nighttime is obviously a key setting for darkness and evil. Besides the witches meeting only at night, the dark hours also host other major event which take place in the play. The murdering of King Duncan takes place at night. Once again, nighttime is a host for the most evil of deeds. Death is by far one of the most villainous acts, and the fact that it takes place at night ties it in with darkness representing evil in the play. Macbeth chooses to murder the king at night because it is the most concealing time to do it. Everyone has retired to their chambers and is sleeping when Macbeth goes to do is evil act. He is able to sneak into the king's room and kill him without waking anyone, and quickly washes his hands and returns to his own room. When Macduff and Malcom wake the castle, Macbeth has already unclothed himself to look as if he were just waking up from the commotion. When the King is discovered dead, all meets in their pajamas and no one is suspected of being awake and kill ing the King. Let's briefly put on manly readiness, and meet i' th' hall together, says Macbeth to put distance between him and the murder. Darkness and the nighttime, in this case, help Macbeth to hide his evil actions. Nighttime is also the time in which Banquo is murdered. Banquo and his son must leave one day from Scone, but will make it back in time for Macbeth's banquet. As far, my lord, as I will fill up the timeI must become a borrower of the night. For a dark hour of twain, Banquo says to Macbeth, stating his intentions. When Macbeth hears that Banquo and Fleance will be returning home at night, he commissions two murderers and says to them The moment on't; for't must be done tonightOf that

Supplementing Your Income with Writing

Supplementing Your Income with Writing So you’re a published author and you love it! But there’s too much time between contract and publication, advance (if you receive one), and royalties (if you even earn out that advance). How can you supplement your income? Maybe you’re not a freelance writer but would love to be one, or perhaps you’ve written for fun not realizing you could supplement your regular income Here are a few ideas. . . Take a freelance writing course. There are free, paid and college courses. Institute for Writers (formerly Longridge Writers Group) offers courses on writing for children and breaking into print. Sign up for newsletters and follow blogs that share information on writing gigs. FundsforWriters, Freedom with Writing, and Mallee Blue Media are great resources. Write short stories. Markets like Woman’s World Magazine pay top dollars for short romance and mysteries. They also pay for short true life pieces. True Story and True Confessions are other avenues to earn a few bucks. Write nonfiction. Chicken Soup for the Soul and other such publications are always looking for great nonfiction stories. The pay is decent, and there are many different topics to choose from. Watch for anthology call for submissions in genres like fantasy, sci-fi, and mystery. Write Your life. What do you do when you’re not writing? Are you a full-time wife and mother? Stay home dad? What is your â€Å"day† job? Are you qualified in fitness and nutrition, business and finance? Perhaps you make jewelry, or you’re an artist. Maybe you travel for business and/or pleasure. Are you an interior designer/decorator or Feng Shui expert? Write for magazines. There are magazines and blogs out there that pay for articles on any subject from Parenting to Finance Insurance to Stretching your Dollars. There are Fitness Magazines, RV / Travel Magazines and Blogs. About.com pays for articles/blog posts on any number of topics. Write an ebook. What is your passion, your expertise? Are you a Life Coach or Spiritual Mentor? People love self-help/success stories! Writing and publishing an ebook can add to your credentials and client base as well as supplement your income. Here’s an interesting article   Broaden your horizon with speaking engagements. Many authors, (especially nonfiction) can make a lot of cash speaking on their topic of expertise. Here’s a great article at Famous in Your Field on where to find opportunities to do so. Teach writing. Many local colleges/universities teach leisure learning courses. Pitch one and see what happens! Be a mentor or writing coach and work one-on-one with new/aspiring authors. Teach at libraries. Start your own writing service / publishing company. With the influx of self / co-publishing options, book promotion, book cover design, editing and formatting are in high demand. Use your knowledge and expertise in the industry and fill one or more of those needs. George Washington University offers a Master’s Degree in publishing  available both in person and online. Sell/resell your current backlog of articles. There are numerous sites that pay a nominal fee for previously published work. Some pay per view or per click. You’re not going to make a lot of money this way, but hey it all adds up. Check out The Penny Hoarder for lists of such sites. These are just a few ways you can supplement your income with writing. With a little research and creative imagination, I’ve no doubt you can come up with more.

Explaining the FITT principle and how it can be applied to a Essay

Explaining the FITT principle and how it can be applied to a progressive workout plan - Essay Example The overall goal is having all students through self - evaluation, create and implement a personal fitness plan to be carried out over ten physical education classes† (Newshour, 2002). Every element is quantifiable, and can have different tools and activities paired to insure an optimal result. FITT is primarily used for students at the pre-college level and is used for people doing low to medium-rate excercising. But FITT can be applied to an individual person to raise their success. Frequency is an attempt to balance cardiorespiratory and strength elements as well as having a comprehensive strength approach by varying activities from day to day. Cardiorespiratory sessions should dominate, from three to six weekly sessions: More is not helpful. For strength, frequency varies on the goal. If the goal is even development of nurses from all sides and approaches, then thre e to four sessions weekly is a good goal. A good pattern for most elementary schools, then, might be three ca rdorespiratory and two strength tests. FITT teaches the individual working out that cardio is far more important than weight, and even if someone wants to boost weight for whatever reason more than cardio, cardiorespiratory skill is essential to consistently lifting weights and building strength techniques. Flexibility and general endurance are key parts of strength training. Strength should fit between sessions. Ideally, for a person working out for their own health, five cardiorespiratory sessions a week and three strength sessions would be a good balance. This means one day, likely on the weekend, will have a cardiorespiratory warmup and lifting after. The person can either take a break between the two or simply move on to both. Intensity is a measure of how much is being achieved and how hard the work is. Heart rate is the primary indicator for Intensity. Beats per minute is measured simply, by a finger on the wrist, arm or neck. Maximum BPS end up being around 220 – age. The target rate rate is 50-70% of that. Ten year olds, for example, may want to see a heart rate of 105 to 147. Advanced PE classes or sports clubs might go for 70-85 percent. Someone starting out this workout should measure their BP every five minutes throughout an activity. If the measurement is too low, they should increase their pace; if it's too high, they can start ramping down. Changes need to be gradual: Nothing causes inconsistent workouts faster than people overexerting themselves then running out of gas. Meanwhile, intensity can only be determined by the person themselves for strength. Bench presses, leg presses, squats, cleans and jerks, curls, calisthenic weights, resistance weight technologies, pull-downs, handlebars... all of them are going to have different performances. The intensity that should be aimed for is a feeling of dull aching in the muscles, a gentle burning. Some pain and soreness is okay, but if it is serious, feels like a pulled muscle or lasts too lon g, it's time to ratchet back for some time. Once someone gets a feel for how they can lift weights and build strength, the hope is to keep the same sensation as the goal and increase the weight so that there is a clear path of higher and higher weight intensity. Time is the next measure. Cardio training should always aim for about 20 to 30 minutes. Strength training is measured by

Health and Safety 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health and Safety 4 - Essay Example The conditions outlined above may not originally be there, but may happen during work being carried out. These situations may include grinders giving off dust, welding causing fumes, or escape becoming difficult due to equipment already installed within the space, making escape in case of an emergency difficult. a) Risk assessments that require specialist knowledge. In terms of a construction project, different levels of skill are required to carry out different complexities of tasks. This hierarchy of complexities extend to risk assessment as well as subsequent mitigation as well. In large and complex projects, the CDM coordinator himself has to have the relevant skills and experience to judge where professionals and experts with specialized knowledge would need to be called in to assess the possible vulnerabilities of a particular task, and to help in reducing risks associated with it. For example, electrical risks, mining risks, financial risks in large projects, all require experts in those fields to help the project steer through the potential problems caused by lapses. Specialist knowledge allows these experts to design the risk management procedures to specifically deal potential problems in tasks related to their fields. It also recommended to have these experts on board while these tasks are being carried out, to make sure of the best decision making capabilities in the field if required in times of

Housing Pre and Post Recession Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Housing Pre and Post Recession - Lab Report Example From figure 1, we see that the data starts off from the middle of a recession in 1982. It lasted only till the 4th quarter of the year. The percentage of GDP growth since then rose sharply until the 2nd quarter of 1982 and then started gradually moderating. The ensuing period was characterized by some volatility until the 1st quarter of 1991 from where the GDP growth dipped sharply and the second recession initiated. This recession also lasted only for two quarters. The decade of the 1990s marked a steady climb in the GDP growth rate and signs of the next recession were observed only in the first quarter of 2000 since when it started decreasing rapidly. This third recession lasted from the 1st quarter of 2001 to the last quarter of the same year. There was a small climb in terms of GDP growth since then until 2007. From the last quarter of 2007 the recent recession set in and it lasted for seven quarters making it the longest recession in the time horizon under consideration. Figure 1 Housing Starts Turning to the Housing markets, we start by looking at housing starts in Figure 2. Interestingly, apart from a steady dip a few quarters ahead of the current recession, inter-temporal movements in housing starts have been moderately stable. The recessions do not seem to have affected housing starts to any considerable extents and we find only small dips in the first two recessions. Strangely during the third recession, we find that housing starts actually increased. However, it can also be seen from the graph that housing starts exhibit a marked decline from around the 3rd quarter of 2005 onwards well into the recent recession. Figure 2 Average real housing prices The next housing market indicator considered is the real average housing price. As can be seen from figure 3, housing prices exhibit smooth but evident cyclical movements. Comparing these movements with figure 1 reveals that in terms of trends the housing price movements particularly in the latter half of the time horizon match those of the real GDP growth although real GDP volatility is considerably higher. The peaks and the troughs in the average housing price time plots are clearly distinguishable and there are substantially lesser reversals making the series a lot smoother. Although resemblances in trend are not so clear in the quarters before 2000, since then the GDP growth and housing prices seem to follow very similar patterns. Figure 3 Months’ supply Finally, in figure 4 below, we look at movements in months’ supply of housing across the duration considered. In between the first two recessions here, the series seems to have been substantially volatile though stably so, around a mean of 2. Thereon, the movements of the series have been relatively less volatile. Figure 4 We see from the figure that months’ supply has declined in periods subsequent to the 1st, 2nd and 4th recessions. After the 1982 recession, housing supply exhibits a small decline in the ge neral trend although it as mentioned earlier fluctuated around an average. A more pronounced decline in the series occurred following the 2nd recession in 1991. The strong declining trend during this phase continued on through the onset of the third recession. There was a surge in early 2005 reflecting what we know now as the gradually forming housing bubble. The series attained its maximum halfway into the fourth recession. The housing supply series seems to reflect a lagged

An Adventist Approach on the Doctrine of Salvation Essay

An Adventist Approach on the Doctrine of Salvation - Essay Example The main issues that generate controversy include; perfection and its meaning; justification by faith, sanctification; atonement and the nature of sin (Whidden, 1995, 56-74). Blazen defines salvation from the Hebrew perspective which is closely linked to the term nasal meaning to pull out or withdraw people from danger or away from enemies as shown in {Ps 91:3}. Ellen White’s doctrine of salvation mainly focuses on perfection and justification by faith. Atonement Atonement is one of the elemental principles upon which the Christian faith is founded (Martin 1998, 157-60). There are various models of atonement which have been put forth by Christian scholars over the course of the years. These models include but are not limited to; ransom, victory, government, reconciliation, substitution, satisfaction, and moral influence models. Ellen G White in her discussion on the principle of atonement based upon the importance of freewill which was against the views of her contemporaries. Ellen believed in atonement of the cross as covering all the sin of mankind {Romans 6: 10}. While White’s perspectives can be classified into three of the atonement models, she used the three models in a complementary rather than exclusive manner (Frank 1996, 91-94). The moral influence model as propounded by White focuses on the universality of the death of Christ on the cross as a manifestation of the love of God for a lost world. The proponents of this view of White’s work assert that the death of Christ serves as a moral influence first in drawing man to God and secondly in drawing sinful man to God (Stephen 2005, 39-40). It must be recognized though that the atonement of God though connected with divine love and mercy does not exclude divine justice and the requirement of holiness {James 2, 21-24}. White acknowledges that while the offer of just mercy by is for all, there is a penalty for not accepting the divine mercy. The question of God’s wrath is analyz ed and White comes to the conclusion that God’s wrath is active against the rejection of just mercy as exemplified in the destruction of Korah, Dathan and Abiram {Num. 16: 23-35} (Philip 1989, 51-78). In the discussion of the Satisfaction model, White analyzes the two aspects of God which are justice and his love which are both satisfied by the death on the cross (Horne 1999, 132-138). In Christ dying on the cross God showed both his nature of justice and love toward mankind. The most dominant view of Ellen White’s discussions on atonement is the Penal Substitution model. In this model White argues for justification by faith in Christ who is the substitute for the just penalty of sin. God offers himself as the substitute for man’s sin and therefore also shows his love. The nature of Sin The bible is the single piece of literature which describes in intricate detail the aspect of sin from its start to its end. The beginning of the bible describes the entry of sin into the world and the end portrays its eradication. Between the time of sin entering the world and its eradication is also described a struggle with sin by humanity. While most people consider Adam to be the origin of sin, the bible provides further insight to prove just the contrary. {Ezekiel 28: 14, 15} describes the rebellion of Lucifer against God even before the creation of the world which makes Lucifer the original sinner (Hanna 2004, 89-93). While sin originated in heaven it did not develop in

Causes and Effects of Divorce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Causes and Effects of Divorce - Essay Example Most of the marriage counselors highlight excessive intolerance, high temperaments, and poor communication to be the major causes of a failed marriage which are discussed in this paper along with the broad range of socioeconomic and psychological effects produced on both men and women by a failed marriage. Research done on poorly working marital relationships between husbands and wives presents the fact that women are emotionally much better groomed than men and they think that emotional handling is hugely important for appropriate maintenance of the marriage. They like to talk things over with their husbands and naturally demand suitable responses from them as well. On the other hand, most of the husbands are found completely oblivious to the difference in the emotional realities existing between men and women. Though, they do communicate with their wives at the beginning of the marriage as a way of maintaining a sense of closeness with their wives, they become less and less communicative with the passing time due to which the wives helplessly develop an inner void that is completely inescapable. The growing silence on the part of husbands also leads the wives to develop fake illusions like they may have lost charm due to which their men no more find them attractive and worth talking -to. Obviously, women squabble about the state of their marriages much passionately than men so and as they are more vocal about various problems which they encounter, the reduced responsiveness of their men proves to be an infuriating culprit which causes divorce. Incompatibility between partners, in terms of emotional and intellectual grooming, is also a major cause of divorce. Abusive relationship between husband and wife also leads them to destroy each other’s mental well being which leads them to initiate divorce settlement. (Rowd).

Decision in paradise part II Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Decision in paradise part II - Case Study Example The People of Kava settle down but within a short while, they are quickly disoriented by yet another catastrophe that they all too well expected to happen. Our company is here to improve the well being of the people of Kava. The already established company intends to change the island a found paradise. It is so lost in a series of confusing and intertwined events to realize that it is a have by itself. The majority of Kava Island's population is aged 15 years and below. It is a culturally diverse island with a combination of people with 50% coming from indigenous tribes, French, Americans, Africans, and Spanish. The people of Kava are basically of indigenous belief. As a matter of, 50% of the people have an indigenous faith while the rest is a mixture of English, French and Spanish. The main economic activity is farming of spices, cocoa bananas and coffee. They also are involved in extraction of petroleum. The company will step by step take full advantage of these terrible disasters in Kava and turn them into opportunities. Whatever it is that we have to do however must be beneficial to both our company and the population of kava. After all, that's what intelligent business people do. As on employee of this company, I will have to adopt a decision making model that will help me turning this around. The main source of our strength is that the management of t... It is particularly impressed by the company's progress and development. The organization is efficient in all the operative departments, this includes the HR, Finance, Strategic planning, Marketing among others. The organizational structure and process is also reputable. For instance, the departments are decentralized for fast and effective decision, making. The threat is mainly the catastrophic nature f this land. Projects can be cut short or even destroyed try the numerous natural disasters. This however is our greatest opportunity as we will capitalize on re-carpeting, renovating and rebuilding the mess left behind by the calamities. Our only weakness is the workforce we have. The employees are not well versed with disaster management; the workers also require more expertise. To make a greater impact in the island and reap even more benefits, the company's human resources department intends to recruit more workers who must also be experienced. Various training and development measures will be put in place to empower the employees that we are currently having. To implement this the manager in the human resources department will organize for both on-the-job and off-the-job training. The employees who are based in the technical departments will be scheduled for on-the-job training while the rest will settle for seminars, workshops and other forms of training. To motivate the workers, the management will make a point of consulting them when doing the performance appraisal; they will also be consulted when making important decisions. To ensure that they do not resist organizational change, the workers will be involved actively in proposing the necessary changes in the company's management, strategic options and business expansion. In

Causes and Effects of Divorce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Causes and Effects of Divorce - Essay Example Most of the marriage counselors highlight excessive intolerance, high temperaments, and poor communication to be the major causes of a failed marriage which are discussed in this paper along with the broad range of socioeconomic and psychological effects produced on both men and women by a failed marriage. Research done on poorly working marital relationships between husbands and wives presents the fact that women are emotionally much better groomed than men and they think that emotional handling is hugely important for appropriate maintenance of the marriage. They like to talk things over with their husbands and naturally demand suitable responses from them as well. On the other hand, most of the husbands are found completely oblivious to the difference in the emotional realities existing between men and women. Though, they do communicate with their wives at the beginning of the marriage as a way of maintaining a sense of closeness with their wives, they become less and less communicative with the passing time due to which the wives helplessly develop an inner void that is completely inescapable. The growing silence on the part of husbands also leads the wives to develop fake illusions like they may have lost charm due to which their men no more find them attractive and worth talking -to. Obviously, women squabble about the state of their marriages much passionately than men so and as they are more vocal about various problems which they encounter, the reduced responsiveness of their men proves to be an infuriating culprit which causes divorce. Incompatibility between partners, in terms of emotional and intellectual grooming, is also a major cause of divorce. Abusive relationship between husband and wife also leads them to destroy each other’s mental well being which leads them to initiate divorce settlement. (Rowd).

Buddhism- Critical Thinking Paper Essay Example for Free

Buddhism- Critical Thinking Paper Essay October 3, 2011 Buddhism- Critical Thinking Paper Part One: Origin Buddhism was founded by Prince Siddhartha Gautama. His father the king kept him sheltered from the world. He never witnessed sadness, hungry, pain, or the aging. On four occasions he had visions of people sick, hungry and dying. After having the visions he left his family and his home to go out to experience the world on the â€Å"Great Renunciation†. For six years he had very little to eat or drink. Finally one day while sitting under a fig tree, (Bodhi-tree of wisdom). He was enlightened about the way life should be. He had reached nirvana (the highest level of knowledge). Once he reached nirvana he changed his name to Buddha (meaning: the Enlightened One). Identity Buddha gave the Sermon at Benares to share what he had discovered during his meditation under the fig tree (Bodhi-the tree of wisdom). He thought the Four Nobles and Eightfold Noble Path. His belief was if you stopped desire you would not suffer. You can obtain what is called the Middle Way when you use moderation. This is to keep you from desire. Meaning The meaning of Buddhism is to find inner peace. To be removed from life’s desires. Morality There is a sense of morality in Buddhism. It is taught not commit adultery, or to steal, or to lie. They look at stealing and adultery as somewhat the same. To commit adultery is like stealing someone else’s partner. Destiny The destiny for a Buddhist is to reach nirvana, totally enlightened and to be wise about life. Buddhism- Critical Thinking Paper Part two: Origin Buddhism was founded by an Asian prince who was on a six year quest for knowledge and wisdom. Christianity was created by God though his inspired words, through prophets and the teachings of Jesus. Identity Buddhism’s identity is peace and wisdom.

Issues of Mineral Based Economies: Nigeria and Botswana

Issues of Mineral Based Economies: Nigeria and Botswana Why do Mineral-Based Developing Economies Face Economic Problems? The Case Study of Nigeria and Botswana 1. Introduction. Mineral-based economies have been defined as â€Å"those developing countries which generate at least 8 percent of their GDP and 40 percent of their export earnings from the mineral sector†. (Auty, 1993: p. 3). Two main categories of mineral-based economies have been identified. These include hydrocarbon producers and hard mineral exporters (producers of ores such as copper and tin). (Auty, 1993). Although one may reasonably expect developing mineral-based economies to witness tremendous economic development owing to their rich mineral resources, this has hardly been the case. According to Davis (1995: p. 1766) â€Å"mineral-based economies rather have development problems than development advantages†. In addition, Davis (1998) notes that economists and political scientists have recently proposed that mineral economies’ growth is below par, despite the mineral windfalls (rents) generated from mineral extraction. The mineral sector has even been classified as a ‘loser’ sector in the economic development race. (Shafer, 1994) cited by Davis (1998). Citing from a recent World Bank conference on mining and economic development, Davis (1995: p. 1765) states that several invited experts noted with concern the historical poor per capita economic growth of the mineral-exporting nations. In particular, participants from mineral-based developing economies were justly anxious about their fate. (Davis, 1995: p. 1765). In addition to fears of the â€Å"Dutch disease† and the â€Å"resource curse thesis† (explanations of these terms follow in subsequent sections), delegates were also concern about the appropriate policy response measures to these issues. (Davis, 1995). This paper aims at explaining why mineral-based developing economies rather face economic problems rather than economic development as one would expect. In meeting with this objective, the paper makes use of two case studies of mineral-based developing economies which include Nigeria (A hydrocarbon exporter) and Botswana (a hard mineral exporter). The rest of the paper is organized as follows: section two presents a literature review on why mineral-based economies rather face economic problems rather than economic development with particular emphasis on the Dutch Disease and the resource curse thesis; section 3 presents a discussion of the case studies making reference to their GDP growth, export revenue from mineral resources and per capita GDP; and section 4 presents some conclusions and recommendations. 2. Literature Review. Much of the literature has attributed underdevelopment of mineral-based developing economies to the Dutch disease. (Roemer, 1985) cited by Davis (1998) The Dutch disease is defined as a situation where an economy highly dependent on natural resources witnesses a decline in economic development as a result of a depletion of the natural resource or a sudden drop in the price of the resource. (Auty, 1993: p. 3). According to Davis (1995: p. 1768), the Dutch disease is a ‘morbid’ term that denotes the coexistence of booming and lagging sectors in an economy due to temporary or sustained increase in earnings. Mineral economies have been identified to generate an ideal environment for the disease given their notable minerals booming sector. (Davis, 1995). Mineral-based economies are characterized by a booming minerals sector at the expense of the manufacturing and agricultural sectors. (Davis, 1995). Ross (2003) suggests that mineral exports may cause economic volatility, inco me inequality, and crowding out of productivity growth in the manufacturing sector, which effects could increase poverty and reduce social welfare. Cordon and Neary (1982) cited in Auty (2001) explain the role of the Dutch disease on the deterioration of mineral-based economies using a three-sector model composed of a resource sector such as oil or other primary product exporting industry, a sector of tradeables, such as the manufacturing and agricultural sectors and non-tradeables. According to the model, a boom in the resource sector has three effects: a spending effect; a relative price effect and a resource movement effect. Looking at the spending effect, Auty (2001) suggests that the increased export revenues increases the demand for both tradables and non-tradables although spending on tradables fails to raise their domestic prices because prices in an open economy are determined in international markets. Consequently, any excess demand is met by imports. (Auty, 2001). Looking at the relative price effect, Auty (2001) suggests that failure to sterilize the increase in foreign exchange will result to an appreciation of the currency, which will in turn reduce the domestic prices of exports as well as those of imports competing with domestic products. In addition, a currency appreciation will lead to a reduction of the rents of the booming sector but may not be sufficient to reduce the sector’s output. (Auty, 2001). Domestic prices of non-tradables will rise with the rise in demand and these prices will neither be affected by the currency appreciation nor competitive imports. This will therefore result to an increase in the prices of non-tradables relative to the prices of tradables, as well as a reduction in exports and an increase in imports. (Auty, 2001). Macroeconomic theory suggests that the national income of a country is positively related to exports and negatively related to imports. The net increase in imports therefore leads to a reduction in the national income of the mineral-based State, which in turn hurts its economic development. Finally, as concerns the resource movement effect, Auty (2001) suggests that the movement of resources between sectors will also affect capital accumulation. Assuming a relatively labour-intensive non-tradable sector and a capital-intensive tradable sector, the movement in favour of the non-tradable sector will tend to raise wages and lower returns to capital thereby reducing capital accumulation. (Auty, 2001). In addition, assuming manufacturing is favourable to growth and that mineral resource booms cause it to decline, the mineral-based economy could experience slower long-term growth than the case would be if it had no mineral resources. (Auty, 2001). To support this view, Auty (2001) cites a number of studies that argue in favour of the fact that mineral resource booms tend to limit the growth of developing mineral based economies. For example, Matsuyama (1993It has also been sugges ted that mineral windfall facilitate irresponsible fiscal and trade policies. (e.g., Gelb, 1988; Ranis, 1991; Ranis and Mahmood, 1992) cited by Davis (1988). The issue as to why mineral-based economies remain underdeveloped is somehow controversial. (Auty, 2001). On the one hand, Mainstream economists have argued that primary commodity exports are the only way that countries in the early stages of development can generate the foreign exchange necessary to pay for essential imports and to service foreign debt. (Auty, 2001). On the other hand, Structurist economists (e.g., Presbish, 1950) cited by Auty (2001) argued that a long-run decline in prices for primary exports is an inevitable result of the increasing use of synthetics, shrinking raw material content of finished products and low elasticity of demand for raw materials. In addition Auty (2001) argues that oligopolistic markets in developed countries indicated that productivities increases there were captured in the form of higher income by workers and owners, while in the developing countries productivity gains were passed on to (northern) consumers in the form of lower prices. What the structurists economists are saying in effect is that mineral-rich developing countries because they lack the capacity to transform their raw materials into finished products often supply these products to developed or industrialized countries at very low prices. Industrialised countries in turn transform these raw materials into finished products and sell them to developing countries at very high prices, which do not match the prices for which they supplied their raw materials. By so doing mineral-rich developing countries continue to face declining levels of economic developing at the expense of developed countries. This idea is consistent with dependency theory[1]. For example, Presbish (1950) cited by Auty (2001) projected a downward trend in the terms of trade for primary products in relation to manufactured goods imported by developing countries from developed countries. In addition, Abubakar (1989: p. 19) describes Africa as a continent locked in an unequal exchange with t he developed world. Being perhaps the richest continent in the world, Africa has been transformed into undeniably the poorest continent. The following is a quote from Julius Nyerere, a prominent leader in Africa: â€Å"Every morning I listen to the B.B.C. to learn the price of the cotton and coffee with which Tanzania earns its foreign exchange. The prices of tractors and other goods we need to buy are not announced; they are fixed by the manufacturers in the Developed World, and we learn what they are when we go to buy†. (Abubakar, 1989: p. 19) quoting Julius Nyerere. 3. Case Studies of Nigeria and Botswana 3.1 Nigeria Nigeria falls in the first category of mineral-based economies identified by Auty (1993) as hydrocarbon producers. Minerals constitute 62.3% of the country’s merchandise exports and 9.6% of GDP and its mineral dependence index is 36 (the mineral dependence index is defined as the mean percentage contribution of minerals to GDP, merchandise exports, and government revenues). (Davis, 1995) citing Kuburshi (1984); United Nations (1974, 1976, 1987, 1993a, 1993c); World Bank (1993). Nigeria’s mineral dependence index of 36 indicates that it is highly dependent on minerals. This is following from Auty (1993) who considers a mineral dependence index of 20% or more to indicate mineral dependence. Nigeria was ranked 19th among developing countries that depended on minerals in 1970. This was based on the ranking of countries according to mineral dependence index in 1970. Based on 1991 rankings, Nigeria still maintained the 19th position and its minerals as a percentage of merchan dise exports had increased to 86.0 percent, minerals as a percentage of GDP stood at 7.6 percent and its mineral dependence index was 46.8 percent. (Davis, 1995). According to Eifert et al. (2002) oil represents an estimated 37 percent of GDP in Nigeria, and 63 percent of consolidated government revenues. The political economy of Nigeria has had an important role to play on how oil resources are managed in Nigeria. The public sector is the principal controller of these resources, which has fuelled the functioning of an extensive machinery of rent seeking a political patronage. (Eifert et al., 2002). Nigeria is characterised by a fragile ‘political coalition’ of diverse ethnic and religious groups with diverse interests. Eifert et al. (2002) asserts that public expenditures in Nigeria are always ratcheted out of control during oil booms, leading to macroeconomic instability owing to the diverse number of ethnic and religious interests that characterise the country. For e xample Eifert et al. (2002) suggest that an estimated amount of $300billion constituting oil revenues has enriched a small group politically and socially influential elite during the last 2 to 3 decades at the expense of the majority of Nigerians who have become impoverished. This indicates that Nigeria has failed to benefit from a general economic welfare from its oil boom because of the selfish desires of a small political influential minority. This situation is consistent with Gelb (1988); Ranis (1991); Ranis and Mahmood (1992) cited by Davis (1998) who attribute poor economic development of mineral-based developing economies to mineral windfalls’ facilitation of irresponsible fiscal and trade policies. Nigeria’s case is also consistent with Karl (1997); Mahon (1992); and Shafer (1994) cited by Davis (1998) who attribute mineral-based economies’ failure to achieve substantial economic development to the entrenched socio-political rigidity and rent-seeking ass ociated with an extended period of mineral extraction. According to Eifert et al. (2002) Nigeria’s economic growth has been stagnant and it is estimated that its per capita income has fallen from approximately $800 in the early 1980s to approximately $300 as at 2002. Nigeria’s failure to grow can be attributed to its government structure. Throughout the military regime described by Eifert et al. (2002) as a period of military dictatorship, the manner in which the oil cycle was managed was solely determined by the federal executive. Government spending was so high that in 1976 it accounted for more than the entire increase in oil revenue. (Eifert et al., 2002). Nigeria therefore faced rising fiscal and current account deficits following a failure of the 1975 oil price rise to bring the budget back into a surplus. By 1981, Nigeria had accumulated huge amounts of external debt, accompanied by capital flight. (Eifert et al., 2002). Increase government spending therefore fa iled to accelerate growth and there was little evidence of an increase in overall welfare that would have been expected during the sharp real appreciation that followed the spending binge. (Eifert et al., 2002). Eifert et al. (2002) attribute Nigeria’s failure to develop to the fact that its potential gains were rather absorbed in the sharply growing inefficiency of a corrupt and progressively more wasteful and distorted economy. Nigeria has made some efforts to adopt a democratic State but Eifert et al. (2002) conclude that the outcomes in the management of Nigeria’s oil cycle in the new democracy are thus so far not very different from the past pattern. This indicates that Political institutions in Nigeria are therefore shaped by a longer history than the current political regime. There is still an excessive an unsustainable increase in public expenditure, with considerable macroeconomic instability, and little to show in the growth and economic development. (Eifert, 2002). 3.2 Botswana. Botswana was ranked 35th in the mineral dependence index for developing countries in 1970. It had 0 percent for minerals as a percentage of merchandise exports, 19.6 percent for minerals as a percentage of GDP and 9.8 for mineral dependence index. (Davis, 1995). Following the ranking based on the minerals dependence index for developing economies in 1991, Botswana was ranked 8th with an 83.0 percent of minerals as a percentage of merchandise exports. Its minerals as a percentage of GDP had also increased to 41 percent and its mineral dependence index was 62.0. (Davis, 1995). Unlike Nigeria, Botswana falls in the second category of mineral-based economies with diamond, copper, nickel and coal constituting the principal hard minerals that it exported. (Curry, 1985). According to Curry (1985), Botswana, unlike other mineral-based economies in Africa that suffer from economic stagnation and political turmoil, Botswana has recorded an economic growth and political stability as a result of its fortuitous endowment of mineral wealth and sound macroeconomic management. Despite this development, Curry (1985) suggests that this growth strategy has produced underdevelopment and economic stagnation in rural agriculture, as well as increasing economic dependency on the republic of South Africa. Increases in mineral revenue has enriched the elite who have joined white farming families as the country’s large scale cattle owners, purchasing land and cattle from savings of relatively high salaries in the mining and public sectors. This situation has created two factions in Botswana. One rich and the other poor and there is an emerging clash between the rich and the poor that could destabilise and threaten an African success story as described by Curry (1985). In effect, mineral revenue in Botswana while it has helped to fuel economic development is threatening the growth of the agricultural sector and has also helped to widen the gap between the rich and the poor. Botswa na’s case is consistent with the Dutch disease which is consistent with the idea that a boom in one sector threatens a recession of other important sectors of the economy. The boom in the mineral sector has helped to fuel a recession in the agricultural sector in Botswana. 4. Conclusions and Recommendations This paper aimed at studying why mineral-based developing economies have witnessed more of economic problems than economic development. Nigeria’s case indicates that the country has suffered from autocratic and fractional democracies that have resulted to a poor management of the revenues from oil booms. As a consequence, mineral revenue has been spent without any fiscal discipline. This has led to the satisfaction of the desires of an influential minority at the expense of the welfare of the greater majority. Nigeria has basically not witnessed any economic development throughout boom in its oil sector. On its part, Botswana has witnessed growth and development as a result of its mineral resources. However, the boom in the mineral sector is hurting the agricultural sector and the situation has only benefited the rich who are using the mineral revenue to take over all land in Botswana for cattle rearing. Like Nigeria, Botswana’s mineral revenue has to some extent benefi t an influential minority. Based on the above, this paper recommends a more democratic regimes in mineral-based economies as well as an emphasis of the importance of all sectors in the economy. Governments in developing countries need to understand the importance of the manufacturing industry. Nigeria for example should be more concern about building its own oil refineries so as to boost its manufacturing industries. In Botswana, the government should implement high taxes on the rich elite so as to help redistribute the mineral income to the poor. Subsidies should be provided to the poor farmers. By so doing, there can be an equitable distribution of land, which will in turn boost the agricultural sector. Bibliography Abubakar A. (1989). Africa and the Challenge of Development: Acquiescence and Dependency Versus Freedom and Development. Praeger Publishers. New York. Auty R. M. (2001). Sustaining Development in Mineral Economies: The Resource Curse Thesis. Routledge. Auty R. M. (2001). The Underperformance of resource-abundant economies. Resource Abundance and Economic Development. Edited by R.M Auty. UNU/WIDER studies in Development Economics. Oxford. Curry R. L (1985). Mineral-based growth and development-generated socioeconomic problems in Botswana: Rural Inequality, Water scarcity, food insecurity, and foreign dependence challenge governing class. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 319-336. Davis G. A. (1998). The minerals sector, sectoral analysis, and economic development. Resource Policy, vol. 24, No. 4, pp 217-228. Davis G. A. (1995). Learning to Love the Dutch Disease: Evidence from the Mineral Economies. World Development, vol. 23, No. 10, pp. 1765-1779. Eifert B., Gelb A., Tallroth N. B. (2002). The Political Economy of Fiscal Policy and Economic Management in Oil-Exporting Countries. Policy Research Working Paper, No. 2899. The World Bank, Africa Regional Office. Lievesley G. (2003).DependencyThe Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics. Ed. Iain McLean and Alistair McMillan. Oxford University Press, Oxford Reference Online. Tà ©treaul M. A., Abel C. F. (1986). Dependency Theory And The Return Of High Politics. Greenwood Press. New York. Footnotes [1] Dependency theory built upon the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA) which characterized the world as divided into centre (the developed, inudstrialised North) and periphery (the underdeveloped agricultural South). (Tà ©treaul and Abel, 1986; Lievesley, 2003). Dependency theory tries to explain the external mechanisms of control exerted by the centre on the periphery. The centre maintained the periphery in a state of underdevelopment for purposes of super exploitation. (Tà ©treaul and Abel, 1986; Lievesley, 2003). Dependency theory therefore indicates that underdevelopment was not an original or inherent condition, it could rather be explained by the historical relationship between the developed and developing world.

Analysis :: Science Writing Papers

Analysis "We scientists can no longer leave the problem to others. Indeed, it has been ours to solve, and all of society is now paying for our neglect." "Resistance to science is born of fear. Fear, in turn, is bred by ignorance. And it is ignorance that is our deepest malady." These were some of the strong statements made in Michael J. Bishop's "Enemies of Promise, " that lead me to think and analyze his piece of work. Michael Bishop, a professor of microbiology at University of California, San Francisco, begins his article by stating that even though science has solved many of the problems people have or had, there are still many who do not believe in science. In addition, there are people who study science and think that science is just "politics by other means." Thus, declaring that science and its "truths" are just "socially constructed fictions." Bishop believes that science offers more to us than we think and that it is "the best way to learn how the world works." Garcia 2 Bishop is alarmed about postmodernists, who believe science is just another "politics by other means." He thinks they are being ignorant and feels uneasy that postmodernists are being joined by other voices that are against science. Various scientists are also becoming critical of science and they believe that science is not diminishing the societies problems. Others have complained that science is "no longer contributing to health improvement." Some people are not happy with what science has accomplished. "The source of these dissatisfactions appears to be an exaggerated view of what science can do," claims Bishop. What seems to be the case is that, scientists have declared the problems of the society and have told the society what to do about some of the issues, but it is the society that is not tackling the problems. The other dilemma that faces the science is that, sometimes scientists have no control over their research and they have to let research take it's own course and time. Much of the health problems that have not been solved are being blamed on research systems like NIH (National Institutes of Health) that supposedly "demands compromise, rewards mediocrity and actually punishes initiative and originality." Bishop believes that NIH, a research system he has been in support of, is being put down and what is said about NIH, he believes it to be wrong.

Essay --

Nuclear energy comes from the nucleus of an atom. The source, or fuel, of nuclear energy is most commonly Uranium 235 Nuclear energy can be converted into electricity, as a secondary energy source, which flows through power lines and other sources to be transmitted to your home. Fission means to split apart. Inside the nuclear reactor, uranium atoms are split apart in a controlled chain reaction. A slow neutron can be captured by a uranium-235 nucleus, and leave it unstable when undergoing nuclear fission. If a neutron goes too fast, it will not be captured in the nucleus, so neutrons must be slowed down to increase their chance to the captured in the reactors. The pressurized water reactor is better to the environment than the boiling water reactor because more of pressurized water reactor is enclosed in a containment structure, which produces less radiation to the surrounding area. Uranium is found in uranium mines. Searching for uranium is sometimes easier to find than for other mineral resources because the radiation signature of uranium's decay products allows deposits to be recognized and charted from the air. The energy released by the fission that takes place in a nuclear reactor is converted and generated into electricity. Both fission and fusion are actively used in providing power for the missions in space. They create higher velocities that increase the speed of rockets. Nuclear energy can be used by archaeologists, geologists and anthropologists in defining the age of rocks, insects, etc. It can be used in the treatment of cancer through the use of radiotherapy. Nuclear Energy can also be used in Food and Agriculture, Sterilization, Tracing Pollutants, Detecting Leaks in Pipelines, and Power Sources. http://ww... ... energy than what the lasers originally shot at the target. Preparing for a typical fusion reaction takes weeks, but the reaction is completed in less than one-billionth of a second. At the core of the reaction, the pressure is 150 billion times atmospheric pressure. "The density and temperature of the plasma created is nearly three times that at the center of the Sun," Omar Hurricane wrote. Does not emit greenhouse gases Creates a huge amount of energy in small amounts of fuel Can commonly find the fuel to use fusion Does not emit as much radiation as fission We haven’t been able to have a controlled reaction be able unleash huge amounts of energy on earth. We need to have a reaction where we get more energy from fusion than how much energy we need to create it. It only occurs at extremely high pressure and temperatures. Reaction lasts a very short time.

Birmingham Jail Speech

Ladies and Gentlemen of the jury, we are gathered here today to talk about the case of Martin Luther King Jr vs. Birmingham Jail. On the year of 1963 Martin Luther King Jr was protesting with many others outside the streets of Birmingham, Alabama. These men and women were protesting against the treatment of blacks in this specific city. Then police officers came and arrested several people including King. They were not arrested for the sake of it, but because a court in the city ordered that King could not be able to hold protest in Birmingham. Martin Luther King was sent to jail for 8 days and while inside of the Jail he wrote the famous â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† on pieces of toilet paper and on the sides of newspapers. Throughout this speech you will hear about how Martin Luther King used children for his protests and wanted his people to be arrested so they could get social media attention. During all of Martin Luther King’s marches, boycotts, and protests he has broken what it is today called the Segregation Law. Once King was at Birmingham his main intent was to provoke mass arrest so that they could create a big crisis and open the city to a negotiation. King protested around the city affecting the social security community of the people that lived in Birmingham. To get social media attention towards the police, King used several young children to help out in the protest. It is unfair and unjust to use small children in front of the adult protestants, putting them in jeopardy of their safety of these poor innocent children. He also encouraged kids from elementary school, high school, and college to not go to school so they could take part in the demonstrations, that day when they didn't go to school was named D day and later called the Childrens Crusade. King is responsible for this wrong and unforgiving decision for the only intention to get the attention from the media. All the protest that he initiated were with the purpose of everyone to be arrested to raise the jail expenses and to provoke a city crisis, and we need to realize that it this not the right way to do it. King’s way to solve their problems was in his words a peaceful way, but provoking a crisis is not what we should think is a peaceful way to deal with the problem. In the other hand there is a right way to ask for rights for the black community. Imagine that anyone who wants something could go out on the streets and protest like this. The right way is to put everything they want on paper and send it to be read from the right authorities.

Organizational Behavior Case Study Using

Abstract We chose to look at a military case that was exposed by the media last year in which Brigadier General (BG) James BG Botchie of the United States Air Force was accused of conduct that was unbecoming of an officer. By examining the roots of classical organizational theory as well as the systems theory approach to management, we will be able to see what aspects and principles should be better utilized and enforced in order to prevent such incidences from reoccurring. ? Organizational Behavior Case Study UsingClassical Organization Theory and Systems Theory In order to see where Brigadier General James Botchie’s management went wrong, we will use the classical organization theory and systems theory to evaluate his action and decisions. To provide support to our conclusion, Tommy will share a personal encounter he had with BG Botchie. Quotes from various texts will also offer support to our position that BG Botchie’s approach to management was not only ineffective, but also inappropriate for an officer in the United States Air Force.Classical Organization Theory While some aspects of classical organizational theory can be considered out of date, it has been constantly progressing over the past century to better suit current workplace environments. From Taylor’s scientific management theory to Weber’s bureaucratic theory all the way to Mooney and Reiley’s administrative theory, classical organizational theory has developed some of the most fundamental principles to help better manage people in the workplace.In order to effectively understand how classical organization theory could help a situation, such as the one regarding Brigadier General James Botchie as reported by the Air Force Times, one must first look at the basic principles behind the theory. One of the four central points in Frederick Taylor’s scientific management theory is to, â€Å"closely supervise workers, and use reward and punishment as motivators † (Kinicki & Kreitner, 2009). In BG Botchie’s situation, he provided little to no supervision to his subordinates and was described as â€Å"hands-off, uninformed and at times uncaring† (Fontaine 2). This lack of upervision caused the military equal opportunity office (MEO) to be an unorganized and nonproductive environment that allowed discrimination and intimidation to go undisciplined and undocumented in many cases. Another â€Å"Taylorism† stated that â€Å"the task of management is planning and control† (Walonick, 1993). From what the Air Force Times showed, BG Botchie did not follow either of these guidelines. Military organizations require all parties to abide by strict codes of conduct in order to function as a well-oiled machine. BG Botchie’s actions not only reflect poorly on his work ethics, but also his moral ethics.He did not act as is expected of a United States serviceman; â€Å"†¦Personnel are expected to conduct themsel ves in accordance with the highest standards of personal and professional integrity and ethics. At a minimum, all personnel shall comply with directives issued by the Secretary of Defense†¦ regarding the Standards of Conduct and Government Ethics. † (Dalton, 1997). Much like the rank levels involved in military organizations, Max Weber’s bureaucratic theory â€Å"emphasized the need for a hierarchical structure of power† (Walonick, 1993).In order to continue maintaining control among soldiers or workers alike, there is a need for definite rules and a â€Å"clear line of authority and control† (Kinicki & Kreitner, 2009). BG Botchie allowed this line to become blurred when he developed friendships with his subordinates. Not only did this lead to unprofessional conduct in the form of creating an inner â€Å"boys only† clique that harassed female coworkers, it also raised an ethical dilemma in that BG Botchie engaged in business deals with subordin ates and possibly used government resources to further his profits (Fontaine 4).There is a reason for positions of authority and that is to maintain control and productivity in the office. BG Botchie instead used his authority to foster sexual harassment and gender discrimination, build unprofessional relationships and misappropriate government resources for his own benefit (Fontaine 1). Mooney and Reilly’s administrative theory proved to be the most rigid out of the classical organization theories. This theory put the emphasis on â€Å"establishing a universal set of management principles that could be applied to all organizations† (Walonick, 1993).It is now realized that this is not possible with the fast paced changing of times; however, this method could be used to help remedy the inconsistencies that occurred in BG Botchie’s wing. For example, if there was a uniform set of rules and procedures set in place and enforced regularly, people like BG Botchie woul d not have a chance to abuse their power. Throughout examining the classical organizational approach to resolving Brigadier General James Botchie’s erroneous behaviors, the key solution is enforcement of hierarchy.None of this would have occurred if BG Botchie’s superiors had paid closer attention to his actions. While people in positions of authority should not have to instill fear in order to get results, they should be treated with the respect they deserve. That respect facilitates efficiency and respect for fellow coworkers as well. By maintaining the proper order of ranks, work is accomplished as a result of a sense of pride in work and duty to one’s job. In addition to an increase in productivity, the level of discrimination and harassment would decline for fear of punishment.When the rules are enforced and there are positive and negative repercussions for behaviors, people are more inclined to follow the regulations set forth. Simply put, to avoid negativ e situations, such as BG Botchie’s, enforce the rules and regulations that are set forth. Systems Approach This situation could have also benefited from the systems approach to the Ohio Air National Guard Organization. The United States Air Force maintains a strict code of conduct as an entire organization and also employs separate, more detailed rules and regulations for those enlisted and those who are officers.The enlisted ranks are seen as the workers or followers to the officer ranks. The officer ranks are seen as the leaders of the organization and they are expected to set the tones for how those that follow them are to conduct themselves. Rules are established to help keep the distinction between the appointed leaders and those who are the followers and to prevent any bias from effecting promotions or allowing preferential treatment from the leaders of the organization. Brigadier General James Botchie was fortunate to experience both the leader and follower sides of th e Air Force.BG Botchie started out in the enlisted ranks before he was commissioned to the officer ranks. I had the opportunity to work for BG Botchie after the September 11th attacks on the World Trade Centers in 2001. He was the flight commander and highest ranking officer for the mission. As a unit, the 121st Air Refueling Wing (ARW) was assigned to support Operation Enduring Freedom at the Incirlik Air Base in Turkey. My job as an enlisted worker was for various electronic functions of our airplane.My ultimate goal was to make sure that the pilots could complete their mission, which required all of the aircraft to be operational. We accomplished this mission and pleased BG Botchie. He attempted to reward us (the enlisted workers) with alcoholic beverages in an enlisted only establishment. I tell you this story to give yet another example of the rules being established and BG Botchie acting as though he was above them and as if there would be no ramifications for breaking them. S ystems theory can be described as having all components of an organization interrelated.By changing one variable, many others may also be effected (Kinicki & Kreitner, 2009). Modern day management has to understand that the decisions imposed on one part of an organization can have a great impact on other members of the organization, even if they are not directly related to the initial decision. BG Botchie’s decisions were not thoroughly thought out and he did not consider the impact that they would have across the organization. The decisions he made for his immediate group not only affected the morale, behavior, and work ethics, but it also reached throughout the entire Air National Guard.The 121st ARW is always partnered with other units from all across the United States. This behavior is observed by others who may have had a different managerial style and expectation. This is also evident in the following quotes: â€Å"The organizational systems theory also infuses a cultu re that is transformed to a learning environment. A creative learning environment will also help the organization and its members realize that the small decisions made today may affect a global impact tomorrow† (Smith & Taylor, 2000). The Central premise behind holding a vision is that somehow I can shape my future, systems’ thinking helps us see how our own actions have shaped our current reality, thereby giving us confidence that we can create a different reality in the future† (Smith & Taylor, 2000). BG Botchie did not infuse the culture with the set of values and morals that the USAF instilled in his appointment as commanding general. If Brigadier General James Botchie analyzed his decisions using the systems approach for his managerial and decision based processes, his career may have had a different outcome.Conclusion In conclusion, it is generally in everyone’s best interest to abide by the rules and regulations of an organization since they are set forth as a way to maintain order and protection for the employees. The classical organization theory and systems theory have clear cut principles that help to build a strong organization, when the policies are followed correctly. Having employees that respect the hierarchy of the organization is also essential to a successful workplace.Brigadier General James Botchie did not follow these guidelines and it cost him the respect of his peers and nearly cost him his job.? Bibliography Dalton, J. H. (1997). General Regulations: Administration of Discipline. U. S. Navy Regulations, 1990 Interim Change, 101-102. Fontaine, S. (2012, May 23). Report Details 1-star's Inappropriate Conduct. Retrieved from Air Force Time Mobile: http://www. airforcetimes. com/mobile/index. php? storyUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. airforcetimes. com%2Fnews%2F2011%2F04%2Fair-force-ig-details-conduct-BG Botchie-041811w%2F Kinicki, A. & Kreitner, R. (2009). Organizational Dynamics and Human Behavior. The McGraw-Hill Compani es Inc. Smith, K. D. , & Taylor, W. G. (2000). The learning organisation ideal in Civil Service organisations: deriving a measure. The Learning Organization, 194-205. University, C. M. (2008). In Administration, Globalization and Multiculturalism (pp. 25, 30, 79, 360). McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. Walonick, D. S. (1993). Organizational Theory and Behavior. Retrieved from http://statpac. org/walonick/organizational-theory. htm

A Critical Analysis of The Great Gatsby

The beginning of the 20th century was marked with substantial changes including the industrial revolution, WWI and the gradual diversification of moral views as opposed to the uniformity imposed by the clericalism that had dominated the American society from its conception.The dynamically changing morality first and foremost touched the new bourgeoisie, or the class of people who made their fortunes rapidly and became wealthy at relatively young age.com/cumulative-exam/">The Great Gatsby is a famous novel by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald. The action takes place on Long Island and in New York City in the 1920s era. The characters of the drama are mostly wealthy, yet young people, going through the stage of the inner morality reformation.The literary work depicts the stable upper-middle class of the 1920s, who used to live in the West Egg district of Long Island. Contemporary New York City lured people with its countless opportunities to realize oneself and improve one’s m aterial well-being; Nick Carraway, a Yale graduate, is not an exception. He is flexible and intelligent enough and thus moves to New York for the purpose of learning and working in bond trade.Furthermore, he’s originally solvent enough to afford a flat in the fashionable West Egg district: â€Å"My family have been prominent, well-to-do people in this middle-western city for three generations. The Carraways are something of a clan and we have a tradition that we’re descended from the Dukes of Buccleuch [†¦]† (Fitzgerald, 4).Upon the arrival to New York, Nick soon gets attracted to the fun-driven lifestyle, implying noisy parties, light flirt and false, theatrical love. The family of his cousin Daisy, who lives not far from Nick, is equally wealthy and aristocratic: her husband Tom graduated from a prestigious university and runs a successful business. Daisy is a beautiful, but excessively materialistic woman, who once had a romantic affair with Gatsby, but soon rejected him because of his allegedly questionable ability to provide for the future family.Instead, she accepted Tom’s proposal and selected confidence in the tomorrow’s day as opposed to the strong, barely controllable emotions she had for Gatsby (Milford, 69). The protagonist of the novel, Jay Gatsby, stands to certain degree apart from the lawful third-generation businessmen he is on friendly terms with. Gatsby is a descendant of a poor family, but, owing to his motivation for learning, he manages to enter St. Olaf’s College, which he, however, soon leaves because of the despair, associated with his janitor’s job (Turnbull, 122).Driven by his love for Daisy, he fanatically seeks ways of becoming rich and even dares break the law and engages with criminal business. However, the protagonist remains sincere in his attitude towards people and seems extremely kind, generous and broad-minded person: â€Å"It was one of those rare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it that you come across four or five times in life†¦ [his face] believed in you as you would like to believe in yourself† (Fitzgerald, 52-53).As one can assume, wealth, as implied in the American Dream, particularly popular among the middle-class population, is one of the major themes of the literary work: â€Å"The Great Gatsby is a highly symbolic meditation on 1920s America as a whole, in particular the disintegration of the American dream in the era of unprecedented prosperity and material excess† (Bruccoli, 73).Wealth, or, more precisely, its lack, becomes the major reason for the destruction of the beautiful fairy tale romance between Gatsby and Daisy. Financial prosperity is also the main factor motivating Tom’s extramarital lover, Myrtle, for seeing the man on the regular basis. Finally, money becomes a catalyst of Gatsby’s tragic outcome of being slaughtered after taking Daisy’s blame for the accident with My rtle (Bruccoli, 79; Lehan, 211).When approaching the theme of wealth from an alternative perspective, it is possible to notice The Great Gatsby contains a comprehensive overview of the sociology of upper-middle class and newly minted rich businessmen. In particular, the western part of the district is inhabited by newly rich, whereas the denizens of East Egg represent nobility and aristocracy: â€Å"Fitzgerald portrays the newly rich as being vulgar, gaudy, ostentatious, and lacking in social graces and taste.Gatsby, for example, lives in a monstrously ornate mansion, wears a pink suit, drives a Rolls-Royce, and does not pick up on subtle social signals, such as the insincerity of the Sloans’ invitation to lunch† (Lehan, 215).At the same time, aristocratic circles are depicted as mannequins, whose public behavior rarely reflects their true beliefs and attitudes. For instance, Tom is unfaithful in his relationship with wife and starts an affair with a woman, whose backg round is far from aristocratic and who lives in a poor neighborhood.Wealth is also close-knit with the theme of   moral freedom, which causes the moral degradation of the top society (Lehan, 233). The Buchanans are literally heartless: instead of attending Gatsby’s funeral and demonstrating their respect for everything the dead made for safeguarding Daisy’s reputation, they simply change the place of residence and distance themselves from the tragedy both physically and psychologically.Even Gatsby, the most â€Å"authentic† and open-minded person in the novel, seems adversely affected by his wealth and sinks in the marsh of criminal affairs increasingly deeper so that even his surroundings learn about his illegal alcohol business and murders he committed.Therefore, by describing the wealthy New York City communities of the 1920s, Fitzgerald prominently illustrates the negative impact of excessive prosperity on human value system and intrinsic ethical principle s. The author also proves that money provides great freedom, but really few people are psychologically prepared to accept and successfully manage it.Works citedBruccoli, A. New Essays on The Great Gatsby. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.Fitzgerald, F. S. The Great Gatsby. Wordsworth Editions, 1993.Lehan, R. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Craft of Fiction. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1966.Milford, N. Zelda. New York: Harper and Row, 1970.Turnbull, A. Scott Fitzgerald. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1962